About Models of Instruction

            Well, in this opportunity, I would like to share about my opinion when I got previous meeting in PETA’s session. In that session, I got material about Models of instruction which defined some topics. The topics were Cooperative Learning, Differentiated Instruction, and developing lesson plan.

            According to my opinion, cooperative learning is one of the instruction models which focus on the student. It can be said that cooperative learning is Student Center Learning (SCL). When the teacher conducts the teaching and learning process, he can manage the class by making a group discussion to the students. The teacher does not only focus on the material but also he can see the students’ ability in the team work. The teacher can make the group after he explains what topics will he teaches after that the teacher gives some materials for each group.

            For each group, they can discuss the materials which they get from the teacher. In this situation and condition, the students can cooperate each other’s. They can discuss through their knowledge based on the materials.  They can take part each other to cope the problem in the material. They also can learn the materials from their friend’s presentation, so the teacher can see the students’ ability in delivering presentation in front of the class.

            By using Cooperative Learning Models, the students can get many advantages from this models in which students do not only learn from the teacher, but also from their friends. Furthermore, students can interact with others in the group discussion. They can ask to other groups if they are still confused about the materials. In this case, teacher has a function as a facilitator in this class. He gives clear explanation after the students presentation whether their presentation  are full enough or not, even if their explanations are rather vague but I think, this instruction model will face the obstacle if the students cannot observe and analyze toward the materials which the teacher given because they work in group. They discuss the material with their selves although in the end of their presentation the teacher will gives them explanation, so as the teacher he should consider students’ ability in analysis thinking, he should consider among the difficulties grade of the material, the students ability and the students grade of the class.

            In differentiated model, teacher should realize that every students are different, even they are unique. They have different in learning strategy and their learning styles. They also have different in their life-background, confidence, cultural/ethnic influences, cognitive abilities, and their socioeconomic and family factor. In this case, the teacher should consider all those factors. Based on those factors, teacher should create the classroom management which can cover all those factors, so that the students can get involve with the learning process and the teacher can deliver the material well.

            The lesson plan is one of the important things in teaching and learning process. It has relationship with the instruction models such as cooperative learning and differentiated instruction. They can work well if the development of the lesson plan is good. That is why in development of the lesson plan, the teacher should consider to the students character as seen in differentiated instruction models. By considering this points, the teacher can make the lesson plan becomes appropriate with the students characters and the instruction models. Finally, the teaching and learning process will be success as what teacher purposed in the objectives and indicator of the lesson plan.

            Overall, the instruction models and the development of the lesson plan are the important things. From these points, I can know that students are unique. That is why if they cannot understand the lesson, it doesn’t mean that they are stupid but, they have some different style in learning for instance, they can only learn by audio and kinesthetic style while the teacher only explains the lesson by visualization they will not understand it. For me as a teacher candidate, I have to be able in these points, so that I can conduct teaching and learning process well.

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More ways, more better in language learning

Teachers have to be creative thinker and innovation thinker. Not only that, teachers also have to be forward thinker. They have to imagine what are going to happen in the class if they want to teach some topics whether it will work well or not. In this case the teachers have to prepare good materials, lesson plan, teaching aids and performance. Even, they have to prepare in their Models of Instruction.

In the previous meeting of PETA session, I have learnt about The Models of Instruction. According to what I have learnt, The Models of Instruction consisted of four kinds. They are Guided discovery, Group Interaction, Direct Interaction, and lecture discussion.

·         Guided Discovery.

In this model teacher only guide the students to understand the material. By asking the questions which are lead them to master the topic, teacher will encourage the students to think critically and find the answer by themselves. In this model, pupils can work in pair or group with leading by the teacher.

·         Group Interaction

In this model, the center of the learning is students. Pupils will work in group. They will get some cases about issues and the students have to discuss them to their group’s members. It is good for the silent person because it can force them to speak up. It can increase student’s intrinsic motivation. By using this model, teacher also can make the students to know each other because they can interact face to face.

·         Direct Interaction

By using this model, the center of the learning will focus on the teacher. Teacher only gives the material and explains directly to the students. It really helps the students to acquire the material because they can get explanation from the teacher. But it can make the students to get bored.

·         Lecture Discussion

In this model, teacher will give lectures but the students will not work in group. The teacher will not only explain the material to the whole of the class but also teacher will ask the students one by one through their opinion about the topics. Afterwards, the teachers make clarification from all of the students’ opinions. These  activities can be called by two ways communications.

All of the models of instruction are very useful. The students can feel happy in learning language, if the teachers use those models based on the objective of the lesson.

In teaching and learning process, the teachers have to consider to what the models of instruction they have to use. Whatever models they want to use, it does not mean that they have to use only one model. They have to look at the objectives, the course and condition of the class. Besides, all of the models are good. It depends on the teacher in using them. They can combine all of the models in order to reach the objectives of lesson plan. Overall, I think this topic is interested because I can get more knowledge on how to make some good ways in language teaching.

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Good Personal Identity, Good Multiculturalism- (third Individual Essay)

 

            One of the very important things in life is Personal Identity. Every people have different Personal Identity. As a human I have to keep well my Personal Identity because this is my characteristics. People can identify others by seeing at others Personal Identity. Besides, without Personal Identity, I cannot know what life is, who I am and what my destination is in this life. Also, without Personal Identity, Human cannot know each other, I cannot recognize others people and people cannot recognize me.

Personal Identity consists of two kinds. They are physical Personal Identity and Inner Personal Identity. Physical Personal Identity is identities that can be identified easily. It can see from shape of the body, color skin, dimple, name, height, name, address, day and date of the birth, age, gender, categorization of the blood, and so forth. Meanwhile, Inner Personal Identity is Identities which cannot be identified from outside. To know this Personal Identity, it can be seen from people characteristics, for instances the way their speaking, whether the people is diligent or lazy, in terms of their vision and mission, whether they are angry or patient persons, whether they are kind or wicked persons and so on.

Through Personal Identity, Life is begun. By having Personal Identity we can know everything. We can also know what the meaning of life itself. We can know others name, knowing each other, and make good relationship to others. So, life can be easier if people can know their Personal Identity well. If we have known our Personal Identities well, then we can see others Personal Identity. After we know others well, then it can help us to make good relationship to others.

Personal Identity also consists of traditions, cultures, religions, races, ethnics, languages, traditional dances, and so on, which are different each other. Indonesia has all these characters. That is why people in Indonesia call those by Multiculturalism. Although every people are different backgrounds of them, people should have good unity. It means that people have to build respectable to the others, let them believe and worship to their God, do not to force them to follow what we are belief, and do not bother them.

If we can respect each other well, the Multiculturalism in our country will work well. If multiculturalism and respectability can work harmoniously, the democracy will also work well because multiculturalism has important role in unity aspect. However, sometimes those are still have problems. Because of having not good Personal Identity, multiculturalism only becomes enemy. For example, when President Soeharto era, multiculturalism becomes the thing that always emerges conflict. That is why if we want to held something, we do not have to contain SARA (ethnic group, religion, and race).

Multiculturalisme can work well if every people have good Personal Identity. We have to build solid foundation. If foundation is strong, the building will be strong also. We have to have good personality, good behavior, good understanding and good characters. We have to know our Personal Identity well. The important thing is after we have good Personal Identity, then we can build respectability well to others. By building all of those foundations Multiculturalisme will run well. Finally, the democracy will work well also.

           

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